Taiyuan Central Hospital is located in the East Sandaoxiang of Jiefang Road. It was formerly known as Joseph Hospital, a catholic facility founded by the Italian priest Agapitus Fiorentini in the Qing Dynasty.

Since then, it has also been called the North China Military Engineering Bureau Hospital, the First Staff Hospital of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry, and Shanxi Staff Hospital of Machine Tool Plant, among other names.

In 1958, Taiyuan Central Hospital was formally established, although it was later renamed Dongfanghong Hospital. After decades of development, the hospital is now the largest 3A grade general hospital in Taiyuan. It integrates the functions of medical treatment, teaching, scientific research, prevention, health care, emergency treatment and rehabilitation. It is an Affiliated Hospital and the Ninth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University. It also enjoys the titles of "First Batch of National Standardized Training Bases for Resident Doctors", "National Drug Clinical Trial Organization", and "National Medical Device Clinical Trial Organization", and is also known as a "Traditional Chinese Medicine Work Demonstration Unit for National General Hospitals" and the "National People Reassuring Hospital".  

The hospital has 1,076 open beds and 2,155 employees, 337 senior-title professionals, 1 doctoral supervisor, 15 master supervisors, and 5 receivers of the State Council special allowance, working in 44 clinical departments and 14 medical laboratories. It boasts four medical centers, namely the Dermatological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Neurological Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Treatment Center and the Gynecological and Reproductive Medical Center, which form a group of influential disciplines in the province.

The Dermatological Diagnosis and Treatment Center is the Key Medical Discipline of Shanxi, the Key Laboratory Of Immune Dermatological Stem Cells of the Province, and a National Demonstration Base For Skin Medical Cosmetology. The Neurological Diagnosis and Treatment Center is the Key Specialty of Shanxi Province, and the Senior Stroke Center of the China Stroke Center Alliance. The Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Treatment Center is the Key Specialty and Academician Workstation of the Province, a National Thoracalgia Center and Thoracalgia Center Demonstration Center, and the Green Channel for Aortic Dissection Emergency Treatment. The Gynecological and Reproductive Medical Center is the first officially Auxiliary Reproductive Center in Shanxi Province, and offers micro-invasive treatment of laparoscope and hysteroscopy at a domestic advanced level. In addition, the departments of Respiratory Medicine, Nephrology, Endocrinology, Oncology, Otolaryngology (Head and Neck Surgery), and Reproductive Center, Imageology and Nursing are key medical disciplines in Taiyuan, while the departments of Gastroenterology and Orthopaedics as well as the  Clinical Laboratory are the Key Medical Disciplines Of Construction in the City.

The new hospital area is located in Jiajiazhai, Fendong Business District, south of the city, which belongs to Xiaodian District, with Fendong Avenue on the north, Taimao Road on the west, the line 12 north street on the south and Taimao east alley on the east. Being 1.5 km from Sunjiazhai Station of Taiyuan Metro Line 2 and 9.7 km from Wusu Airport make it easily accessible. With a building area of over 280,000 square meters and 1,500 beds, the garden-style modernized general hospital incorporates "medical, teaching, research, prevention, health, rescue, care and business" and is built with a natural environment. It is expected to be put into use in November 2018.